![]() Look at the above diagram where you can understand how ABO blood type is inherited. These genotypes and phenotypes are shown in the table below. This results in just four possible phenotypes (blood types) for the ABO system. However, alleles I A and I B are both dominant to allele i and codominant to each other. ![]() So, there are six possible genotypes for ABO blood group. They are often represented by the letters I A (or A), I B (or B), and i (or O). There are three common alleles for the gene. Type O: In this type, neither the A nor the B antigen is presentĪ single gene on chromosome 9 controls the ABO blood group system.Type AB: Here both the A and B antigens are present.Type B: In this type only the B antigen is present.Type A: Here only the A antigen is present.There are four common blood types for the ABO system: You can have a look at the antigen compounds in the above figure that can provide you with the clear idea. The best known human blood group system is the ABO blood group system. This is because of the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. So, in this case, if the donor for bone marrow transplant has a different blood type then the patient inherits the blood type of the donor. This happens if a person gets treatment like receiving a bone marrow transplant for treating diseases like leukaemia. The blood type of a person is fixed for life, but there are rarest possible that the blood type changes. It is because of the little or no recombination in the case of closely linked genes, they always inherited together. The alleles control the blood type for a single gene or even for two or more that are closely linked. The alleles for a blood group system are dependent on the blood type of an individual that was inherited from their parents. ![]() This is because of the use of different screening protocols and effective blood typing. But it should be noted that the last type is virtually impossible nowadays. The blood cells can enter the body in the form of a blood transfusion from someone having a different blood type than yours. Your body might get attacked by the non-self antigens on pathogens such as viruses or bacteria or blood cells. When there is a binding of antibodies and antigens, the other immune system cells destruct them. In the illustration below, you can have a look at the analogy of a lock and key that represents how an antigen and antibody fit together. The antibodies are large Y-shaped proteins that are produced by the immune system, and it binds to non-self antigens. The immune system responds by forming antibodies in case antigens are identified as non-self. Depending on the particular blood group system, the antigens may be glycoproteins, carbohydrates, proteins, or even glycolipids. They are also identified as self or non–self. Antigens and AntibodiesĪntigens are molecules that are identified by the immune system as either produced or not produced by your own body. There is an inclusion of the well-known ABO and Rhesus (Rh) systems in the human blood group where there are also at least 33 other less well-known ones. It is to be noted that these molecules help a lot in maintaining the integrity of the cell membrane where it has also got other biological functions. When it comes to blood types, it is a genetic characteristic that is associated with the presence or absence of antigens, which are certain molecules, on the surface of red blood cells. In this article, we will discuss blood groups and blood types where students would be able to get a perfect understanding of the same. Have you ever donated blood in your life? Well, you should know that your blood can save lives for your blood type, and this helps in determining which types of blood can receive in a transfusion.
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